Anil Kumara, b, 1, Xu Zhanga, 1,
Xing-Jie Lianga
The application of nanotechnology
in medicine, known as nanomedicine, has introduced a plethora of nanoparticles
of variable chemistry and design considerations for cancer diagnosis and
treatment. One of the most important field is the design and development of
pharmaceutical drugs, based on targeted drug delivery system (TDDS). Being
inspired by physio-chemical properties of nanoparticles, TDDS are designed to
safely reach their targets and specifically release their cargo at the site of
disease for enhanced therapeutic effects, thereby increasing the drug tissue
bioavailability. Nanoparticles have the advantage of targeting cancer by simply
being accumulated and entrapped in cancer cells. However, even after rapid
growth of nanotechnology in nanomedicine, designing an effective targeted drug
delivery system is still a challenging task. In this review, we reveal the
recent advances in drug delivery approach with a particular focus on gold
nanoparticles. We seek to expound on how these nanomaterials communicate in the
complex environment to reach the target site, and how to design the effective
TDDS for complex environments and simultaneously monitor the toxicity on the
basis of designing such delivery complexes. Hence, this review will shed light
on the research, opportunities and challenges for engineering nanomaterials
with cancer biology and medicine to develop effective TDDS for treatment of
cancer. The application of nanotechnology in medicine, known as nanomedicine,
has introduced a plethora of nanoparticles of variable chemistry and design
considerations for cancer diagnosis and treatment. One of the most important
field is the design and development of pharmaceutical drugs, based on targeted
drug delivery system (TDDS). Being inspired by physio-chemical properties of
nanoparticles, TDDS are designed to safely reach their targets and specifically
release their cargo at the site of disease for enhanced therapeutic effects,
thereby increasing the drug tissue bioavailability. Nanoparticles have the
advantage of targeting cancer by simply being accumulated and entrapped in
cancer cells. However, even after rapid growth of nanotechnology in nanomedicine,
designing an effective targeted drug delivery system is still a challenging
task. In this review, we reveal the recent advances in drug delivery approach
with a particular focus on gold nanoparticles. We seek to expound on how these
nanomaterials communicate in the complex environment to reach the target site,
and how to design the effective TDDS for complex environments and
simultaneously monitor the toxicity on the basis of designing such delivery
complexes. Hence, this review will shed light on the research, opportunities
and challenges for engineering nanomaterials with cancer biology and medicine
to develop effective TDDS for treatment of cancer.
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